History

The Mount Sinai Hospital has led clinical care, research, and education in immunology since the early 20th Century, when immunology was in its infancy. A crucial clinical test called the Schick test was invented by Béla Schick, MD, a physician at Mount Sinai from 1923 to 1942. It is used to determine whether a person is immune or susceptible to diphtheria. In 1906, Dr. Schick and Clemens von Pirquet, MD, were the first to coin the term “allergy” as a clinical diagnosis. In 1928, Gregory Shwartzman, MD, a Mount Sinai physician and researcher, first developed the concept of immune hypersensitivity, a condition that later became known as the Shwartzman phenomenon. Dr. Shwartzman's accomplishments set a high bar for future Mount Sinai immunologists. In 1930, Joseph Harkavy, MD, and his colleagues at Mount Sinai identified a new chemical substance that is released during severe allergic reactions. The substance is what immunologists now call SRS-A, or slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. Dr. Harkavy was also the first to link cigarette and cigar smoking to allergies and cardiovascular disease.